The Paramount Importance of Food Storage
Imagine this: you’ve hiked for miles into pristine wilderness, pitched your tent under a canopy of stars, and are settling in for a peaceful night. The scent of pine needles fills the air, a gentle breeze whispers through the trees, and…a rustling sound breaks the silence. Not just any rustling, but the unmistakable sounds of something large moving through the underbrush. Your heart pounds as you realize you might not have properly secured your food, and now you’re facing a hungry bear. Encounters like these highlight a critical truth: responsibly managing our food supply in bear country isn’t just a smart idea, it’s essential for both our safety and the well-being of these magnificent creatures.
The conflict between humans and bears, especially regarding food, is an increasingly pressing issue. Bears, driven by instinct and their powerful senses of smell, are naturally drawn to the enticing aromas of human food. Backpacks, campsites, and even vehicles can become irresistible targets. Properly hanging food from bears is a skill every outdoors enthusiast needs to master. By depriving bears of easy access to our meals and snacks, we can significantly reduce the risk of dangerous encounters and help preserve the natural behavior of these incredible animals. This guide will cover the why, the how, and the what-not-to-do when it comes to hanging food from bears to make your wilderness experiences safer and more responsible.
The unfortunate reality is that bears are opportunistic eaters. They possess an extraordinary sense of smell, far surpassing that of humans. This powerful sense allows them to detect food sources from incredible distances. A seemingly innocent sandwich crumb left in a tent or the lingering aroma of bacon grease on a cooking pot can attract bears from miles around. Human food, often high in calories and packed with sugars and fats, becomes an irresistible temptation, far more enticing than their natural diet.
This attraction leads to a phenomenon known as habituation and food conditioning. When bears repeatedly find easy access to human food, they begin to associate people with food sources. This can lead to a gradual loss of their natural fear of humans, making them bolder and more likely to approach campsites and populated areas. These bears become what wildlife managers refer to as “problem bears.” Their behavior becomes unpredictable, and they may even become aggressive in their pursuit of a meal.
The consequences of improper food storage extend far beyond a simple pilfered snack. A bear encounter can lead to serious injuries or even fatalities for humans and pets. Bears can cause significant property damage, tearing through tents, vehicles, and other belongings in their relentless search for food. But perhaps the most tragic consequence is the fate of the bear itself. When a bear becomes a consistent threat to human safety, wildlife agencies are often left with the difficult decision to relocate or, in the worst-case scenario, euthanize the animal. Preventing these scenarios begins with understanding the importance of hanging food from bears.
Beyond the immediate danger, improper food storage can also disrupt the natural behavior of bear populations. Bears that become reliant on human food may lose their foraging skills and become less able to survive in the wild. This can have a detrimental impact on the overall health and stability of bear populations and the ecosystems they inhabit.
Many parks and wilderness areas recognize the critical importance of proper food storage and have implemented mandatory regulations to protect both visitors and wildlife. These regulations often specify approved food storage methods, such as hanging food from bears using specific techniques or utilizing bear-resistant canisters. Failing to comply with these regulations can result in hefty fines, eviction from campgrounds, and even more severe penalties. Familiarize yourself with the specific regulations of the area you plan to visit before your trip. This is essential when planning how to properly hanging food from bears.
Effective Methods for Elevated Food Storage
Several methods exist for effectively hanging food from bears, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these methods and choosing the right one for your needs is crucial.
The Traditional Two-Tree Method (Counterbalance Hang)
One of the most common and reliable techniques is the traditional two-tree method, often referred to as the counterbalance hang. This method involves suspending your food bag between two trees, creating a counterbalance that makes it difficult for bears to reach.
To execute this method effectively, you’ll need a length of strong rope (at least fifty feet), a stuff sack for your food, and two trees that are approximately twenty feet apart with sturdy branches at least twelve feet off the ground and six feet away from the trunk. The first step is to toss the rope over one of the branches. This can be tricky, but using a small weight or a smooth rock tied to the end of the rope can help. Once the rope is over the branch, attach your food bag to one end of the rope. Then, pull the other end of the rope until the food bag is suspended about twelve feet off the ground and six feet away from the tree trunk. Next, tie a second stuff sack (filled with rocks or other weight) to the other end of the rope, creating a counterbalance. Adjust the weight in the second sack until the two sacks are hanging at roughly the same height and the rope is taut. Finally, tie off the rope securely to the second tree.
The PCT Method (Pacific Crest Trail Method)
While the counterbalance hang is effective, it can be challenging to execute, especially in dense forests or when suitable trees are scarce. The PCT method, named for its popularity among hikers on the Pacific Crest Trail, offers a simpler and more efficient alternative.
The PCT method requires only one tree and involves creating a loop in the rope around the tree branch. The food bag is then attached to the loop and hoisted up into the air. The advantage of this method is its ease of use, particularly for solo backpackers.
Bear-Resistant Canisters
Bear-resistant canisters provide another effective solution for food storage. These canisters are made from durable materials that are designed to withstand a bear’s attempts to access the contents. While canisters can be heavier and more expensive than other methods, they offer a high level of protection and are often required in certain areas.
When using a canister, it is essential to choose a model that is approved by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee (IGBC). Always store your canister at least two hundred feet away from your campsite and avoid placing it near cliffs or water sources where a bear could potentially knock it away.
Designated Bear Hangs and Lockers
Some campgrounds and wilderness areas provide designated bear hangs or locker systems for food storage. These systems offer a convenient and reliable option, particularly in areas with high bear activity.
Adopting Best Practices for Safe Wilderness Travels
Even with a properly executed food hang, taking additional precautions can significantly reduce your risk of a bear encounter.
Maintaining Camp Cleanliness
Maintaining a clean campsite is paramount. “Pack it in, pack it out” should be your guiding principle. Dispose of all trash and food scraps properly, and never leave food unattended. Clean cooking areas thoroughly after each meal, and avoid cooking in or near your tent.
Controlling Scents
Controlling scents is another crucial aspect of minimizing bear encounters. Store toiletries such as toothpaste, sunscreen, and scented lotions with your food. Consider using odor-proof bags to contain strong-smelling items. Wash dishes and cooking utensils thoroughly, and avoid wearing scented clothing.
Campsite Selection
When choosing a campsite, avoid areas with signs of recent bear activity, such as tracks, scat, or disturbed vegetation. Camp away from game trails and berry patches, as these are common foraging areas for bears. Consider camping in designated campsites, as these areas are often managed to minimize bear attractants.
Encountering a Bear
Finally, it’s essential to know what to do if you encounter a bear. Stay calm, and do not run. Make yourself look as large as possible by raising your arms and opening your jacket. Speak in a loud, firm voice, and slowly back away. If the bear approaches, use bear spray if necessary, following the instructions on the canister. Report the encounter to park rangers or wildlife officials as soon as possible.
The proper execution of hanging food from bears and adherence to these best practices are essential to a safe and responsible wilderness experience.
Conclusion: A Shared Responsibility
Protecting our provisions and the local wildlife is not solely the park ranger’s or the government’s responsibility. Properly hanging food from bears is a collective effort. When we venture into bear country, we become stewards of both our safety and the safety of these magnificent creatures. It is our duty to minimize our impact, respect their habitat, and prevent encounters that can have tragic consequences for all involved. Learn and practice these skills before you go. A little preparation and caution can make all the difference, ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience for you and helping to preserve the wildness of these areas for generations to come. Remember, respecting bears means respecting their need for natural food sources and minimizing the temptation of human food. Take the pledge, and remember to always hang food from bears.
